Decoding Conversations: How Facts, Opinions, and Errors Impact Brand Consulting

Conversations can either be benevolent or escalate into all-out war, resembling passive proxy conflicts. Regardless of the direction a conversation takes, there are typically four occurrences. Firstly, facts are exchanged, followed by the sharing of opinions, which may sometimes contradict the facts. While opinions can be valuable, they lack objectivity and are not grounded in factual evidence. This is acceptable, as everyone is entitled to their own perspectives. However, it is important to acknowledge that facts cannot be altered; they can only be discussed. Opinions are often rooted in specific domains, which can limit our understanding and lead to restrictive domain errors. To support these errors, examples, and stories are often employed, advocating for the validity of a restricted domain error.

Phillip J. Clayton
3 min readApr 17, 2024

Facts, Opinions, Restricted domain errors, and Narrative errors.

Effective brand consulting hinges on understanding conversations. But conversations aren’t just about exchanging information. They’re a complex dance of facts, opinions, and even errors. Let’s explore four key elements that take place in conversations and how they impact your work with clients:

1. Facts: The Foundation of Trust

Facts are verifiable statements, the building blocks of any conversation. In brand consulting, facts about your client’s target audience, market trends, and competitor analysis form the foundation for strategic decisions. Sharing data and research findings helps establish trust and positions you as an expert.

2. Opinions: Shaping Perceptions

Opinions are subjective beliefs, and they play a significant role in brand perception. Clients may have strong opinions about their brand identity or target audience. As a consultant, it’s crucial to listen to these opinions, but also to gently guide them using data and market research.

3. Restricted Domain Errors: When Knowledge Gaps Hinder Progress

Restricted domain errors occur when someone speaks outside their area of expertise. Clients may have limited knowledge about branding best practices. Your role is to identify these gaps and educate them, using clear and concise language.

4. Narrative Errors: Biases that Skew the Story

Narrative errors are biases that unconsciously shape the way people communicate. Clients might overemphasize positive aspects of their brand or downplay weaknesses. By recognizing these biases, you can help them craft a more balanced and compelling brand story.

So, how does this knowledge translate to better client relationships?

  • Active Listening: Actively listen to both facts and opinions expressed by your clients.
  • Data-Driven Guidance: Use facts and research to support your opinions and recommendations.
  • Bridge Knowledge Gaps: Identify areas where clients lack expertise and provide clear explanations.
  • Unveiling Biases: Help clients recognize and address potential narrative errors in their brand story.

I am not only focusing on research and marketing data… The interpretation of data plays a crucial role. When viewed from a strategic decision-making perspective, the way visual communication is conveyed holds significance. While data in its raw form is objective, it cannot stay that way. Once data is utilized for a particular purpose, it transforms into a subjective entity.

I am primarily analyzing conversation structures, particularly those that occur during discussions. During these conversations, facts are presented, and individuals often express their opinions. These opinions are frequently influenced by a specific domain or belief system. Advocacy is necessary within this system, leading to the creation of narratives that serve to justify these opinions. Stepping outside of this domain is challenging, as it imposes restrictions on us. This pattern is also evident in our work, processes, and interactions with clients.

By understanding these elements, you can navigate conversations with clients more effectively, build stronger relationships, and ultimately deliver superior brand consulting services.

Consulting is therapy.

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Phillip J. Clayton

Brand consultant | Strategic advisor | International brand & marketing design judge: pac-awards.com | Writer | Creative director